Overview: The Urban Rail Hospital is a comprehensive intelligent solution that integrates detection and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and emergency action to address every potential issue with urban rail transit. This solution is crucial in tackling the main problems with rail operations, including highly labour intensive, high maintenance costs with the coexistence of under-maintenance and over-maintenance, passivity rather than proactive prevention and control in the face of breakdowns, etc. Additionally, it is the primary path to achieving 'safety, reliability, comfort, staff reduction and efficiency' in rail transport operations. As a result of this solution, health assessment in the field rail transportation can transition from ‘breakdown maintenance’ to ‘cycle mainrenance’ to ‘conditional maintenance’ and finally to ’predictive maintenance’.